The Future of Driving: Electric Vehicles and Driver Jobs

Introduction

Relocating from Global to Romania as a professional driver can feel like stepping into a new chapter of your career at exactly the right moment. Across Europe, transport and logistics are changing fast as fleets adopt electric vehicles, telematics become standard, and digital platforms manage loads, compliance, and pay. Romania sits at the heart of these shifts. It is an EU member with a growing logistics ecosystem, competitive salaries when combined with lower living costs, and strong demand for skilled drivers who know how to operate modern equipment, including electric vans, buses, and the latest smart tachographs.

If you are weighing a move to Romania, you are likely asking two big questions. First, is Romania a solid base to grow a driving career with access to international routes across the EU? Second, how does the rise of electric vehicles affect driver jobs, certifications, and day-to-day work? This guide gives you clear, actionable answers. You will learn where the jobs are, what documentation and training you need, what you can realistically earn, and which digital tools will keep you compliant, punctual, and in demand.

While heavy-duty electric trucks are still early in Romania, electric vans and buses are already common in major cities like Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Iasi. Logistics hubs increasingly prioritize low-emission city deliveries, and transport companies are upgrading to smart tachographs and advanced telematics. The result is a job market that rewards drivers who combine classic skills with new digital and EV know-how.

Whether your background is long-haul C+E, city bus driving, or last-mile delivery, Romania offers pathways to stable work, EU career mobility, and a comfortable lifestyle. Here is how to seize the opportunity.

Why Romania?

Romania is an attractive destination for professional drivers for several reasons that blend career potential with quality of life.

• EU membership and access to European markets: Romania is a member of the European Union, which means Romanian-based transport operators run international routes across the EU and beyond. Drivers based in Romania can access international assignments with EU-standard protections and compliance.
• Competitive salaries relative to cost of living: While headline wages may be lower than in Western Europe, per diem structures and international route premiums often result in take-home pay that goes further in Romanian cities thanks to more affordable housing and services.
• Growing logistics and e-commerce: Romania has seen steady growth in warehousing, cross-border e-commerce, and automotive supply chains. Major players operate in and around Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, and Iasi, fueling demand for drivers in multiple categories.
• Rapid digitalization: Companies are investing in telematics, smart tachographs, and route optimization. Drivers who embrace apps and digital workflows can advance faster and secure better assignments.
• Emerging EV adoption: Electric vans and buses are increasingly part of municipal fleets and delivery networks. Drivers who gain EV driving and charging planning skills now will be ahead of the curve as the EU Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation expands charging corridors.
• Quality of life: Romania offers vibrant city life, access to mountains and coastline, and a friendly culture. Daily expenses are manageable, and many companies provide stable schedules with EU-compliant rest times.

Job Market Overview

Romania's driver job market is diverse. You will find opportunities in long-haul trucking, domestic distribution, city deliveries, passenger transport, and specialized ADR roles.

International trucking (C+E)

• Employers: Large Romanian carriers running EU lanes, multinational logistics companies, and dedicated contract fleets. Examples include DB Schenker Romania, DSV, H.Essers Romania, FM Logistic, Rhenus Logistics, Gebruder Weiss Romania, and local champions such as International Alexander and Dumagas.
• Typical work: International routes to Germany, Italy, France, Poland, Hungary, and the Balkans. Mix of full truckload and partial loads. Refrigerated and automotive sectors are active.
• Vehicle tech: Euro VI diesel tractors with smart tachograph v2, telematics units, and driver coaching systems. Early-stage trials of LNG and, in limited cases, battery-electric heavy trucks for short corridor runs.
• Pay model: Base salary plus daily per diem for days abroad. Bonuses for fuel economy, safe driving, and on-time performance.

Domestic haulage and regional distribution (C, C+E)

• Employers: National distribution fleets for retail, FMCG, and manufacturing. Regional haulers serving industrial zones around Bucharest-Ilfov, Timisoara, Cluj, Brasov, and Iasi.
• Typical work: Day runs with return to base, sometimes multi-day tours within Romania. Frequent palletized freight, beverages, and building materials.
• Vehicle tech: Mix of euro VI rigid trucks and trailers. Increasing telematics to monitor delivery windows and driving behavior.

Last-mile and city delivery (B, C, C1; growing EV share)

• Employers: Fan Courier, Sameday, Cargus, DHL, UPS, DPD, as well as grocery and quick-commerce operators like Glovo and Tazz partner fleets.
• Typical work: Parcel deliveries within city zones, often using vans. EV van penetration is rising in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca due to low-emission targets and cost savings on urban routes.
• Vehicle tech: Route optimization apps, proof-of-delivery apps, eCMR, and EV charging apps where electric vans are deployed.

Bus and coach driving (D)

• Employers: Municipal transport operators and private intercity or charter operators.
  • Bucharest: STB for city routes; private charter and airport transfers.
  • Cluj-Napoca: CTP Cluj-Napoca with a strong reputation for modern fleets, including electric buses.
  • Timisoara: STPT, with modernization and occasional e-bus deployments.
  • Iasi: CTP Iasi, integrating newer buses and electric units.
• Typical work: Fixed routes on municipal lines, intercity services, tourist and private charters, and airport shuttles.
• EV adoption: Electric bus fleets are expanding in major cities. Drivers with e-bus experience are competitive in city operations.

ADR and specialized transport

• Employers: Chemical and fuel transporters, industrial supply chains, and waste management companies.
• Typical work: Strict compliance with ADR protocols, specialized routing, and additional pay due to higher responsibility.
• Tech: Real-time tracking, temperature and pressure monitoring for certain cargoes, digital documentation.

Driver Technology and Apps: Succeeding in a Digital and EV-first Era

To stay employable and productive, master the digital toolkit that Romanian employers expect. These tools directly affect your schedule, compliance, and pay.

Smart tachographs and compliance

• Smart tachograph v2: EU rules require smart tachographs v2 in new vehicles and retrofit on international vehicles according to EU timelines. These devices automatically record border crossings and use GNSS for position logs.
• Essential apps: Official tachograph viewers and licensed tools that let you review driving, rest, and work periods on your phone or laptop. Many fleets provide their own driver portals for compliance visibility.
• CPC awareness: Digital tachographs are only half the story. Your CPC training and periodic refresh keep you current with EU Regulation 561/2006 driving and rest limits and Working Time Directive rules.

Navigation and routing

• Sygic Truck, PTV Navigator, and Garmin dezl solutions are widely used for truck-safe routing, tunnel and bridge restrictions, and weight limits.
• Waze and Google Maps help with live traffic, but always validate with a truck-specific app for height and weight restrictions.
• For bus drivers in cities, operator-issued AVL systems and route tablets often provide stop timing and detour alerts.

Load boards and fleet platforms

• Freight exchanges: Trans.eu and TIMOCOM are standard in the region for spot loads and backhauls.
• Telematics: Webfleet, Transics, Fleet Complete, and similar systems offer driver scorecards, messaging, and geofenced tasks.
• eCMR: Increasingly adopted for paperless proof of delivery and faster clearance at hubs.

EV charging and energy management

If you drive an electric van or bus, charging literacy becomes part of your job.

• Charging networks in Romania: Renovatio e-charge, Enel X Way, E.ON Drive, MOL Plugee, Eldrive, and Ionity along main corridors.
• Aggregator apps: PlugShare for map coverage and user feedback; network-specific apps for authentication, session start, and billing.
• Practical tips:
  • Plan charging windows around loading and lunch breaks to avoid productivity loss.
  • In winter, precondition the cabin while plugged in and keep charge above 20 percent to protect range.
  • Track kWh costs: home depot charging is generally cheaper than public DC fast charging. Public rates vary by network and power level.

Payments, tolls, and documents

• e-rovinieta: Purchase the national road vignette for vans and trucks as applicable via official portals and approved apps. Ensure correct vehicle category and plate number.
• Bridge and special tolls: Pay A2 bridge tolls (Fetesti-Cernavoda) electronically using SMS, apps, or partner petrol stations.
• Document vault: Use secure apps to store scans of license, CPC card, ADR certificate, employment contract, and insurance. Some fleets integrate ID verification into their driver app.

Legal Requirements

If you are a citizen of an EU country relocating to Romania, you have the right to work and reside, subject to registration formalities. If you are a citizen from outside the EU or EEA, you need a work authorization and a long-stay visa before arriving to work.

Work permits and visa process for Global citizens (non-EU)

1. Job offer and work authorization:
   • Your Romanian employer applies for a work authorization, often called work permit, from the General Inspectorate for Immigration (IGI). This confirms the job offer and allows a work visa to be issued.
   • Documents typically include your valid passport, qualifications, clean criminal record, medical certificate, and proof that the employer could not fill the role locally.
2. Long-stay employment visa:
   • Once the work authorization is issued, you apply at a Romanian consulate for a long-stay employment visa. The visa is stamped in your passport and usually valid for entry within a set period.
3. Entry and residence permit:
   • After arriving in Romania, you apply for a residence permit for work at IGI. This card proves your right to live and work and contains your personal numeric code (CNP) once issued.
4. Registration and benefits:
   • Register for health insurance with CNAS, enroll for tax, and open a bank account. Many employers help with these steps.

Important:

• Start early. Work authorization processing and visa issuance can take several weeks to a few months.
• Keep copies of all documents and translations. Use certified translations for your license and qualifications where required.
• Family members can typically apply for reunification after you secure your residence permit.

EU road transport regulations you must follow

• Driving time and rest periods: Regulation 561/2006 sets maximum daily and weekly driving times and mandatory rests. Expect audits via tachograph data.
• Tachographs: Regulation 165/2014 covers the use of digital and smart tachographs. Border crossings and loading points must be recorded properly on smart devices.
• Working Time Directive: Directive 2002/15/EC limits total working time per week and overnight work, complementing the driving time rules.
• Mobility Package: Additional EU rules on posting of drivers, remuneration transparency, and vehicle return schedules may apply for international routes.

Romanian road transport laws and tolls

• Right-side driving: Romania drives on the right.
• Winter equipment: Winter tires are mandatory when roads are covered with snow, ice, or frost. Chains may be required on mountain roads. Do not wait for a calendar date; equip based on conditions.
• Speed limits: For cars, typical limits are 50 km/h urban, 90 km/h on national roads, 100 km/h on express roads, and 130 km/h on motorways. Truck and bus limits are lower. Always follow posted limits.
• Vignette and tolls: Most vehicles need an electronic vignette for national roads. Additional tolls apply for certain bridges and sections. Heavy vehicle fees are based on vehicle category.

Certification and License Recognition

Your employability in Romania depends on getting your driving license recognized and holding the right EU certifications.

Driving license conversion or recognition

• EU licenses: If your license was issued by an EU or EEA country, it is recognized in Romania. You can work with it, subject to category validity and medical checks.
• Non-EU licenses: Romania may exchange some non-EU licenses based on bilateral agreements. If exchange is not possible, you will need to sit theory and practical exams in Romania. Steps generally include:
  1. Obtain or convert your residence permit so that you have a local address.
  2. Verify exchange eligibility with the Romanian driver authority (DRPCIV).
  3. Complete a medical check and, if required, psychological evaluation for professional categories.
  4. Submit translations and notarized copies of your license and driving record.
  5. If exams are required, enroll with a driving school for the relevant categories and testing.

Tip: For C, CE, and D categories, confirm that your training hours and prior experience can be credited or fast-tracked.

CPC - Certificate of Professional Competence

• Initial qualification: EU professional drivers need an initial qualification covering safety, eco-driving, and customer service. There is a standard and an accelerated path.
• Periodic training: 35 hours every 5 years to maintain validity. In Romania, you receive a Driver Qualification Card or an entry on your license as proof.
• EV content: Many training providers now include EV safety, regenerative braking techniques, and energy-aware route planning. Ask for modules that cover charging strategy and high-voltage safety.

ADR - Carriage of Dangerous Goods

• For fuel, chemicals, or certain waste transports, ADR certification is mandatory. Romania recognizes ADR certificates issued in EU member states. For non-EU certificates, you may be required to retrain and test locally.
• Courses cover classes of dangerous goods, vehicle markings, equipment, emergency procedures, and safe handling.

Digital tachograph driver card

• Issued by the Romanian Road Authority (ARR) to residents with valid professional licenses.
• Needed to operate digital or smart tachographs and to download your data for audits.
• Apply with ID, residence proof, photo, and fee. Keep renewal dates in your calendar.

Salary and Benefits

Salaries in Romania vary by role, route type, and the mix of base pay and per diem. The figures below are realistic ranges as of recent market conditions. Note that 1 EUR equals about 4.95 RON, but exchange rates change.

International trucking (C+E)

• Net monthly total including per diem: about 2,000 to 3,200 EUR for steady EU lanes. Some high-mileage or specialized routes pay more.
• Base wage in Romania: often 800 to 1,200 EUR net plus per diem, safe driving bonuses, and on-time bonuses.
• Benefits: Paid travel to and from the truck, accommodation during changes of shift, medical checks, and in some companies, performance bonuses tied to telematics.

Domestic haulage and regional distribution (C, C+E)

• Net monthly: about 3,500 to 6,000 RON, sometimes higher with overtime and night shifts.
• Schedule: Often home most nights, which suits drivers prioritizing family time.

Last-mile delivery (B, C)

• Net monthly: about 3,000 to 5,500 RON depending on city, route density, and performance bonuses.
• EV van premium: Some companies pay small incentives for EV operation and eco-driving metrics.

Bus and coach (D)

• Municipal bus drivers: about 4,500 to 6,500 RON net in large cities, with overtime and night premiums.
• Intercity or charter: About 4,000 to 7,000 RON net plus per diem on long routes.
• EV bus training: Employers may sponsor courses and offer progression to trainer or dispatcher roles.

ADR and specialized transport

• Net monthly: Can exceed 6,500 RON domestically and 2,500 EUR net on international fuel or chemical routes when per diem and hazard allowances are included.

Additional benefits to look for

• CPC and ADR training paid by employer.
• Private health insurance packages.
• Sign-on bonuses for experienced C+E with clean records.
• Predictable rotations: 6 weeks on / 2 weeks off for international routes, or similar patterns.
• Per diem policies aligned with EU posting rules and transparent payslips.

Cost of Living in Romanian Cities

Romania offers a favorable cost of living compared to many EU countries, especially when you stack it against international driver earnings.

Housing

• Bucharest: 1-bedroom apartment outside the center typically 350 to 600 EUR per month. City center 600 to 900 EUR.
• Cluj-Napoca: 300 to 550 EUR outside center. 500 to 800 EUR in central areas.
• Timisoara: 280 to 500 EUR outside center. 450 to 700 EUR centrally.
• Iasi: 250 to 450 EUR outside center. 400 to 650 EUR centrally.
• Tips: Look for rentals near transport hubs or major ring roads if you are in last-mile roles. For long-haul drivers, proximity to your company depot matters more than city center access.

Utilities and internet

• Utilities for a 1-bedroom: 80 to 150 EUR per month depending on season and building insulation.
• High-speed internet and mobile: 8 to 20 EUR per month each, with strong 4G and growing 5G coverage.

Transportation

• Public transport monthly pass: about 15 to 20 EUR in many cities; Bucharest metro and bus monthly passes are affordable.
• Fuel: Prices fluctuate. Many employers cover work-related fuel; personal car fuel will be a regular expense if you commute by car.
• EV charging costs: Home depot AC charging is generally lower cost per kWh than public DC fast charging. Public rates vary by network and speed.

Food and daily expenses

• Groceries: 150 to 250 EUR per month for a single person.
• Eating out: 5 to 10 EUR for a casual meal; 25 EUR and up for a mid-range dinner for two.
• Services: Haircuts, dry cleaning, and basic repairs are affordable by EU standards.

Cultural Integration

Language basics

Romanian is a Romance language, and many young people speak English, especially in large cities. Learning basic Romanian greetings and workplace terms improves teamwork and customer interactions.

• Key phrases: Buna ziua (hello), Multumesc (thank you), Va rog (please), Unde este depozitul (where is the depot), Documente de livrare (delivery documents).
• Apps: Duolingo, Memrise, and RomanianPod101 can help. On the job, your dispatch team will appreciate simple Romanian terms for load checks and timing.

Workplace culture

• Punctuality and reliability: On-time arrivals and clean paperwork are vital. Romanian dispatchers respect drivers who communicate early about delays.
• Direct communication: Be concise and solution-oriented. Use company apps to send status updates and photos of delivery notes when needed.
• Safety first: Employers focus on road safety, rest compliance, and vehicle care. Reporting defects promptly is expected.

Driving culture and road habits

• Right-side driving: If you come from a left-side driving country, book a parking lot practice session with a local instructor to retrain spatial habits.
• Winter conditions: The Carpathians and Transylvania see snow and ice. Fit winter tires and carry chains when routes include mountain passes.
• Enforcement: Police checks for speed and documents are common. Keep digital and paper copies ready.

Practical Steps to Relocate

Use this checklist to move from decision to first day on the job.

1. Research roles and employers

   • Decide your category: international C+E, domestic C, city delivery B or C, bus D, or ADR.
   • Shortlist companies: Check websites of DB Schenker Romania, DSV, H.Essers Romania, FM Logistic, Rhenus Logistics, Gebruder Weiss Romania, Fan Courier, Sameday, Cargus, and municipal operators like STB, CTP Cluj-Napoca, STPT Timisoara, and CTP Iasi.
   • Use job portals: eJobs, BestJobs, LinkedIn, and specialized Facebook groups for drivers.

2. Prepare documents

   • Passport valid for at least 6 to 12 months.
   • Driving license and category endorsements.
   • CPC, ADR certificates, and digital tachograph card if you have one.
   • Criminal record certificate and medical certificate.
   • Employment references and safe driving record.

3. Confirm license recognition

   • Contact DRPCIV to check if your non-EU license can be exchanged.
   • If not exchangeable, plan for theory and practical exams; enroll with a local driving school specializing in C, CE, or D.

4. Employer secures work authorization

   • Once hired, your employer applies for your work permit with IGI. Provide scans and translations as asked.

5. Apply for long-stay employment visa

   • Visit the Romanian consulate, submit your visa application with the work authorization and required documents, and wait for approval.

6. Arrive in Romania and obtain residence permit

   • Register your address, schedule IGI appointment, and collect your residence card.
   • Obtain your personal numeric code (CNP) through the residence process.

7. Sort certifications and cards

   • Apply for a Romanian digital tachograph driver card with ARR.
   • Enroll for CPC periodic training if due.
   • Transfer or renew ADR as required.

8. Sort your tax and insurance

   • Register for health insurance with CNAS.
   • Discuss tax residency with your employer or a local accountant if you expect to stay more than 183 days.

9. Secure housing and local setup

   • Book temporary housing for the first month in Bucharest, Cluj-Napoca, Timisoara, or Iasi.
   • Open a bank account and get a local SIM card.

10. Get EV-ready where relevant

• If your role includes electric vans or buses, install charging apps for your city and learn company charging policies.
• Familiarize yourself with charging etiquette and connector types used in Romania.

Success Tips from Other Expats

• Build a digital profile: Keep scanned documents and digital cards ready. Some employers pre-onboard you through an app.
• Be transparent on availability: International C+E schedules vary; negotiate rotations that fit your life.
• Invest in EV and eco-driving skills: Knowing how to extend range and reduce energy cost wins points with fleet managers.
• Learn local geography: Know the ring roads and logistics zones of Bucharest-Ilfov, Cluj, Timisoara, and Iasi for faster city work.
• Winterize early: Switch to winter tires based on forecast, not calendar. Keep a kit with chains, shovel, gloves, and thermal blanket.
• Master EU rules: Use a tachograph companion app to track drive and rest times and avoid costly infringements.
• Network: Join driver groups online, attend job fairs, and speak to depot managers. Referrals often lead to better routes.

The EV Shift: What It Means for Driver Jobs

Electric vehicles are not removing driver jobs. They are changing how those jobs are done and which skills are valuable.

Where EVs are growing fastest in Romania

• City delivery vans: E-commerce and retailer fleets deploy EVs for low-emission urban delivery. This is strongest in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca, with growth in Timisoara and Iasi.
• Municipal buses: City operators expand e-bus fleets to meet clean air goals. This creates demand for drivers trained in EV operations and depot charging routines.
• Pilots for medium-duty: Some regional distributors test electric trucks on short, predictable routes. Expect wider adoption as charging along corridors expands under EU infrastructure targets.

New skills that raise your value

• Energy-aware route planning: Plan around charger locations, slopes, and traffic. Keep safety margins for battery state of charge.
• Regenerative braking technique: Smooth driving increases range and reduces brake wear.
• Charging operations: Know AC vs DC, connector types, charge rate limits, and best practices to protect battery health.
• Cold weather management: Precondition cabin and battery when plugged, and use seat heaters instead of blasting HVAC to save energy.
• Safety with high-voltage systems: Understand isolation procedures and warning indicators. Never attempt DIY fixes on orange high-voltage cabling.

How EVs change daily work

• Dwell time planning: Charging is integrated into shift planning, often during loading windows or lunch breaks.
• Telematics focus on energy: Driver scorecards track kWh per kilometer, coasting, and regen use. Good scores may earn bonuses.
• Maintenance differences: Less time in the workshop for oil-related maintenance, but more coordination for software updates and battery checks.

Training and certifications

• CPC modules increasingly include EV content. Choose providers that offer EV safety and energy management.
• Some fleets provide internal EV familiarization courses. Ask during interviews.
• For bus drivers, depot-specific procedures for overnight charging and range scheduling are part of training.

Common Challenges and How to Manage Them

• Driving on the right side: Book a coaching session if you are used to left-side driving. Practice mirror checks and roundabout entries in low-traffic areas.
• Winter driving: Fit winter tires when temperatures drop and carry chains for mountain passes. Increase following distance and use gentle brake inputs to maintain stability.
• Toll systems: Always keep your vignette valid and paid for the correct vehicle category. Use approved apps to buy the e-rovinieta and store the digital receipt.
• EU working time directives: Use a tachograph companion app to plan rests and avoid infringements. If you must delay due to safety or weather, notify dispatch immediately.
• Language barriers: Learn key Romanian transport terms and use translation apps for complex instructions. Dispatchers often speak English, but drivers who attempt Romanian build better rapport.

Conclusion and Call to Action

Romania offers a powerful combination: EU-standard logistics opportunities, accessible living costs, and a market where drivers who embrace technology and EV practices can stand out. Whether you want international C+E routes with strong take-home pay, stable municipal bus work with growing e-bus fleets, or city delivery roles that put you at the center of e-commerce, Romania has options.

Your next steps are simple. Shortlist employers, gather your documents, confirm your license pathway, and schedule any needed CPC or ADR training. Install the core apps you will use daily for routing, compliance, and charging. Then make the move with confidence. The future of driving in Romania is digital, increasingly electric, and ready for professionals like you.

FAQ

1) Do I need to speak Romanian to get a driver job?

Not always. Many international carriers and city logistics firms hire drivers with basic English. However, learning key Romanian terms helps with depot staff, delivery recipients, and police checks. For bus drivers serving the public, conversational Romanian is often preferred or required.

2) How do I exchange a non-EU driving license for Romania?

First, confirm if your country has an exchange agreement with Romania. If exchange is allowed, submit your license, medical checks, translations, and residence proof to the driver authority. If exchange is not possible, you will need to pass theory and practical exams in Romania for your target categories.

3) What are realistic earnings for international C+E drivers based in Romania?

Total net pay including per diem often ranges from about 2,000 to 3,200 EUR per month, depending on routes, rotation, and performance bonuses. Some specialized or high-mileage runs pay more. Ask employers for a breakdown of base pay, per diem, and bonuses.

4) How does EV driving change my day-to-day work?

Expect to plan charge stops into your shift, pay attention to energy-friendly driving styles, and use charging apps to authenticate and pay. Telematics will track kWh consumption similar to how fuel economy is tracked today, and you may receive bonuses for good energy management.

5) Which Romanian cities have the most EV roles for drivers?

Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca lead for electric vans and municipal e-buses, followed by Timisoara and Iasi. International carriers with depots near Bucharest-Ilfov are also testing EVs for short-haul distribution.

6) What is the process to get a Romanian digital tachograph driver card?

Apply through the Romanian Road Authority with your valid professional license, residence proof, ID photo, and fee. Processing times vary, so apply early, especially if your new job requires immediate use of a smart tachograph.

7) Is ADR certification from outside the EU valid in Romania?

EU-issued ADR certificates are recognized. Non-EU certificates may require conversion or retraining in Romania. Check with an accredited Romanian ADR training center and plan ahead if you expect to haul dangerous goods.

8) How do I handle winter driving in Romania?

Equip winter tires when temperatures drop and keep chains if your route crosses mountain areas. Reduce speed, keep longer following distances, and use gentle throttle and braking. Carry emergency gear: shovel, scraper, gloves, thermal blanket, and a flashlight.

9) What should I know about Romanian tolls and vignettes?

Most vehicles need an e-rovinieta vignette for national roads, purchased online or via approved apps and retailers. Heavy vehicles pay rates by category. Some bridges and express sections require separate tolls. Keep receipts and ensure your plate number is entered correctly.

10) Are there incentives to drive or own EVs in Romania?

Romania runs national programs such as Rabla Plus that support the purchase of electric vehicles. Incentive amounts change by year and vehicle category. Employers may also offer internal incentives for EV drivers and eco-driving performance.